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It has been suggested that they used these to provide a variety of financial services and performed early banking functions. Moreover, their buyers are also studied in light of their gender, socioeconomic status, and place of residence. However, it is still unclear how city finances and private capital interacted before the use of sophisticated financial systems of the late 13th to early 14th centuries.

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Starting from the initial founding in 1926, it includes the post-war re-founding and reorientation of the Institute, its redirection in the new millennium through 2018, and describes the changing economic, political, and scientific contexts of the times. This title documents the history of the Rhenish-Westphalian Institute for Economic Research (RWI), re-founded in 1943 as the “Western Division” of the German Institute for Economic Research. For the first time, this richly sourced corporate historical study examines in depth the marketing strategies of West German weapons producers during the Cold War. For the first time, based on extensive source materials and archival data collections, the study traces the planning and implementation of government subsidies for industry and analyzes their differential impact on growth and structural change in the Italian economy.

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Christian Böse describes this history, investigates the organizational structures, and examines the conflicts confronting the key players through the end of the First World War. Focusing on German construction projects within the Reich and in occupied Norway, the study demonstrates how state’s attempts at regulating the sector reached their limits. Taking a microeconomic perspective, it examines the impact that legal norms had on the organizational structure of and financial decisions made by companies. In this study I focus on the role hospitals played in allowing the general population to invest in financial instruments that could serve as old age pensions. Their directors managed portfolios consisting of real estate and financial https://casino-nic-au.net/ instruments; as a result, they also handled large quantities of money.

A history of marketing with a uniquely wide and innovative focus, it undertakes a broad methodological and comparative analysis, thus interlinking security research with marketing, cultural, and economic history. It extends our knowledge of the financial strategies employed by households, merchants, charities, city governments and corporations by asking what investment opportunities, ways of saving money and maintaining cash flow were available to different socio-economic groups in premodern societies. Every issue of the Economic History Yearbook contains articles on a specific theme; in addition, new economic history research and results on any topic can be published. It is thus aimed not only at economic and social historians, but also at economists and social scientists as well as a broad circle of people interested in economic history. These tools allow players to take control of their gambling habits and prevent excessive spending. If you ever need to get in touch with support, you can easily do so through the live chat feature or by emailing the Casinonic contact number provided on their website.

Although land was the preferred sector in pre-industrial times, this study shows that an increasing amount of capital was invested in private credit networks, which offered higher returns with limited risk, as these loans were always backed by collateral. Thanks to the service provided by notaries, who operated as informal financial intermediaries, investment in the credit market became accessible even to those unfamiliar with financial activities, including small landowners, artisans, and women. Since both contract types were automatically terminated at death, they required relatively low investments and were ideal for securing an income in money or in kind during one’s final years.

This study enquires into the relation between the NS state and the construction industry and analyses the businesses’ strategies and entrepreneurial room for manoeuvre. This book provides an insight into how corporate governance functioned in German companies in the second half of the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century. This publication is the first to examine in detail the content and background of the economic emergency program enacted by Helmut Kohl’s first cabinet on the basis of previously unconsidered sources. There has been an encouragingly large increase in the number of texts being published on topics of cartographic history in the last twenty years. This book analyzes the trade history of these two countries as well as the role played by German industry in the field of China policy from 1949 until the advent of China’s reform and opening-up policy. During the Cold War, the Federal Republic of Germany and the People’s Republic of China assumed economic relations – despite their ideological differences and high political and technical trade risks.

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